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113.2TheNatureofLiquids2Liquidshaveflowingparticlesthereforefilltheircontainer.Liquidparticleshavekineticenergyandareattractedtoeachother.Becauseliquidshaveadefinitevolume,increasedpressuredoesnotaffectthem.Properties3vaporization-theconversionofaliquidtoagasorvaporwhenaliquidisboilingevaporation-theconversionofliquidtoagasorvaporonanon-boilingsurface4Evaporation&CondensationVideo5Duringevaporation,onlymoleculeswithacertainminimumkineticenergycanescapefromthesurfaceoftheliquid.6Boilingincreasestherateofevaporationbecauseitincreasesthekineticenergyoftheliquidparticles.Temperature=KineticEnergy=RateofEvaporation7vaporpressure-ameasureoftheforceexertedbyagasabovealiquidLIQUIDVAPOR(GAS)evaporationcondensationdynamicequilibrium-whentherateofevaporationequalstherateofcondensation8manometer-U-shapedevicefilledwithHgwhichmeasuresvaporpressureWhenthevaporpressureishighitpushesthemercurytotheothersideandviceversa.9BoilingPointThetemperatureatwhichvaporpressureoftheliquidisequaltotheexternalatmospherepressureistheboilingpoint.Thisoccurswhenalltheparticleshaveenoughkineticenergytovaporize.10BoilingDemonstration11Thenormalboilingpointistheboilingpointofaliquidat101.3kPa.
13.2TheNatureofLiquids
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